Dewey’s Understanding of Education
Dewey’s Understanding of Education
John
Dewey believed in a society that was set up on the principles of democracy
leading to citizens involved in open minded inquiry as a way of life (Talebi,
2015). Education, for him, was the way to achieve it. But not an education that
was based on mastering a set of syllabi but one where social interaction was
the base between individuals involved in it and experiencing the curriculum.
All of this led to a clear focus and that was to develop a human being that
lived a life in full command to fit using his or her skill set optimally.
Creation of an independent human being was the aim of education, as per John
Dewey. This resonates very well with the IB program that focuses on teaching
students to think critically and independently, and inquire but with care and
logic (IBO, n.d.).
Principles of Dewey’s Philosophy and
their Influence on Education
Three of the most influential
arguments in Dewey's education have been that of nature, social
efficiency, and culture (Mintz, n.d.), for we receive education from 3 sources:
Nature, men, and things (Dewey, 1976). He further expands them to bring about a
set of granulated principles that can be implemented in the sphere of
education. The ones that interested me are (a) Traditional vs Progressive
Education, (b) Progressive Organization of Subject-Matter and (c) Experience –
The Means and Goal of Education (eiclsresearch.wordpress.com, 2017). I will
write about them along with their alignment with the principles of an IB
education (IBO, 2013).
(a)
Traditional vs Progressive Education.
According to Dewey, traditional
education is where there is a fixed system of information, skills and standards
to be transacted for a student. Students are expected to have an attitude of
docility, receptivity and obedience. Progressive education provides active
participation by students in development of subject matter. Dewey’s perspective
is that neither progressive nor traditional education is the solution, but a
perspective that knows how to use either depending on need of the hour. Experience
justifies the method.
PBL or Problem Based Learning is a
proponent of this model of thinking. This is where one takes a problem and
resolves it through inquiry involving the content knowledge for the process and
result.
This perspective has influenced my
way of educational perspective a lot. As I do not reject any system nor do I
place any system on a pedestal. I look at all with objectivity, learning from
each. In IB education, this is the skill of Inquiry and research (IBO, 2013).
This is where education focuses on being a lifelong learner, drawing from all
experiences.
(b) Progressive Organization of
Subject-Matter.
Dewey believes in experiential
education. However he also advocates an experience to lead to an acquisition of
new ideas and an orderly arrangement of the same. He believes that to get the
best out of an experience, we must cultivate an intellect that can convert it
to a coherent set of thoughts. This is when each experience constructs and
reconstructs experience. The educator forms ideas, acts on them, reflects on
the outcome and reorganizes the thoughts. Dewey was quite alarmed at the way in
the name of child-centered education, teacher and content were ignored by the
way side. He had a specific and clear place for organization of subject matter
in his theory (Talebi, 2015).
More than school education, this is
a way of life for a lifelong learner! To never get caught in a web of thought
but to never also have a scattered mindset. To experience each experience fully
and then to derive from it a thought process that helps receive further
experiences is the focus of a life led through experiences.
IB education creates knowledgeable
thinkers. Exploring across a range of disciplines, the education exposes students
to a range of issues and ideas with global significance. Then use the critical
thinking skills to analyze and act.
(c) Experience – The Means and Goal of
Education.
Experience is the means of education and the goal. However an experience that
has quality in it and reflection built at the end of it. But as per Dewey, this
experience must be as close as possible to the real life of the learner. This
is what made him a proponent of experiential education (Talebi, 2015).
Experiential education or hand on learning is the movement that has humanized
education by keeping learner at the heart of the same. In IB, the closest I can
think of is the IB project, an intrinsic part of the curriculum that is a
student-centered exploration in which students consolidate their learning
throughout the programme using a project of their choice (IBO, n.d.).
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